Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Theory of Evolution Essay - 553 Words

Biological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supported with evidence of one type of evolutionary mechanism, natural selection. Some of the main mechanisms of evolution are natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. The idea that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor has been around for†¦show more content†¦Over time the beak would become longer and those birds would survive. The next mechanism, genetic drift, happens by chance. For example, a bug that is either red or green. If a large portion of the red bug happe ns to get stepped on, the gene frequency for this species is now changed. Mutation is another evolutionary mechanism that happens by chance. Mutation is when the genetic material of an organism is altered. An example of this is albinism which has altered the genes of several different animals. Evolution has been debated for many years. Most scientists assume evolution to be true, but it is not officially proven. Evolution is known as â€Å"fact and theory,† because it is a fact that organisms have changed over time, but the mechanism that changes those organisms is uncertain. One of the major debates regarding evolution is the belief in creationism. Creationists believe that the Universe and organisms on Earth were all created by a divine power. There are also some theories in which creationism and evolution coexist. One idea is that the divine being who created the world used evolution as a method. Another idea is that science and religion are actually the same thing and re ligion explains the unknown parts of science. For example, science says that the world couldn’t have been created in seven days, but one of God’s days may not be the same lengthShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution And Evolution1685 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Since Charles Darwin suggested the theory of evolution by natural selection in this best-known work, On the Origin of Species, controversy has followed. As a (computer) scientist, this student has no personal problem with the theory of evolution. However, since the debate of whether or not evolution actually exists is still alive and well today, a brief exploration of the arguments against is not only interesting, but also increasingly necessary. Why is there such disparity over this topic overRead MoreEvolution And Theory Of Evolution2859 Words   |  12 Pages come up with a variety of theories to answer the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from?† The theory of evolution is just one of the many theories written over the centuries that attempts to answer this question; however, it holds the distinction of being the only theory accepted as scientifically true in today’s world. This paper will discuss the theory of evolution in detail; topics addressed include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as wellRead MoreThe Theory of Evolution754 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student’s Name Name of University Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been a topic of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries that support Darwin’s theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural selection or survival of the fittest, the preservationRead MoreThe Theories Of The And Evolution756 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained the concept of growth and evolution, Freud theorized explanations for our suppressed cognition, Archimedes ran out of a bathtub yelling Eureka once he established the concept of density, and many other renowned scientists provided substantial theories to explain common associations within everyday life. These brilliant researchers gave reason to the term â€Å"why†. They provoked curiosity, established ideologies, and generated scientific laws that define logic. Evolution, adaptation, and developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Evolution1802 Words   |  8 Pagesproduced mankind. However, the philosophical theory of evolution has no solid evidence, whereas creation can be proven. Science is supposed to be based on observation, right? The best theories satisfy the test of expe rimentation. No one can test if evolution happened. Non one can prove that evolution actually happened. But what evidence can we place against evolution? In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution. One hundred and fifty-six years laterRead MoreEvolution Versus Creation And The Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution versus creation is one of the most controversial topics that have ever been exposed to the world. Scientist and creationist both argue that their perspective is more right than the other. In reality both sides don’t know the exact truth behind the creation of the world. Evolution is the process in which something changes into something different and typically resulting in it becoming more complex and better formed. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist, suggested a theoryRead MoreTheory of Evolution Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesso there was no need for evolution; hence, there was no sign of evolution from the beginning. Since sin came into the world, man has been deceived into thinking there is evolution. We are not talking abou t the theory of evolution that says man started from an amoeba or as an ape and eventually began to walk upright; not that evolution, but evolution in the sense of development. There are developments in the earth and therefore it can be considered as a form of evolution, but truly would it be classifiedRead MoreEvolution Of A Evolutionary Theory1500 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution is descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used in proposing the at Earth’s many species are descendants of ancestral species that were different The power of evolution as a unifying theory is its ability to explain and connect a vast array of observations about the living world. Aristotle believed that life forms could be arranged on a scale of increasing complexity. Each form of life, perfect and permanent, had its allotted space. Darwin argued that classification should be based onRead MoreThe Theory Of Biological Evolution1192 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Darwinism is defined as the application of the theory of biological evolution to human affairs. It was used to justify and clarify many notions of nationalism and imperialism. Science played a huge role in the coming about of this new discovery but in reality, the society shaped the science of what it was about. Charles Darwin was the root of new era and was profound to come up with the theory of evolution. His theory had become one the fundamental unifying principles of modern biology andRead MoreThe s Theory Of Evolution930 Words   |  4 Pages2005, somewhat re-invents the theory of evolution into what they call the Guinness theory. The Guinness theory is that man’s ascent from the slime has been leading him inevitably towards the enjoyment of a pint of their estimable product, as stated on www.newsletter.framestore.com. It is in my interpretatio n that the creators of the ad were using the logos appeal, in the sense that they were using the theory of evolution to present to the consumers that once the evolution reaches present time that humans

Monday, December 16, 2019

My future Free Essays

I wanted to study business administration which consider of being the one in charge of the whole company and lead it to the success. Also is to be aware of everything that happens around, is like being a boss and make all kind of work that Is necessary. I decided that I wanted to study that because I Like to lead and being In charge of Important things like a company. We will write a custom essay sample on My future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also because I Like companies and control them, Like being the boss and give orders to others. All begins with a dream when I was little for the novels I watch in television and so many of them where of people hat has company and has a lot of power and I thought â€Å"l want to be like them† and from there I became interested, but I never imagine it would be so much work that has to be done. I decided to make my practice of business administration in the pharmacy â€Å"Canvass Pharmacy’. This pharmacy is located in the arbitration Logic Valley, Canvass. I went there because of my aunt, she works there as a pharmaceutical. My aunt helped me so I could do the work there without any problems. Her boss, the lawyer Border, was very understanding and didn’t say no. Mrs†¦ Border was very happy and she said that I can start working as soon as I anted. She Is a really good person, as soon as I met her I Like her, as well as her work team, they were friendly to me. I was really excited about this Job because I was going to work In what I always dream of, what I wanted to study, what I wanted to be when I grow up. I wanted to achieve my goal and don’t defraud the boss because I don’t like to do a bad work, I like to make things right. Also I like to make people proud of me and the things I do that I know are well done, well Ohio doesn’t right? We all like that. The first day of my work I was really nervous because I didn’t know what I as supposed to do and how it was going to be. As soon as I arrived to the pharmacy everyone welcome me in a good way. The work team was good, they were all really cooperators and they make me feel part of the team for the few days I went there. They help each other, Like Is supposed to be. The first work they make me do was to organize medical recipes by date and numbers and then store them. I hate It that work, It was too boring and long because there were too many medical recipes. The boss and my aunt worked with me so I didn’t have to It alone and they correct me If I id something wrong. I always try to do everything right so they don’t have to be correcting me all the time and I have the ability to learn fast. After that I had an hour of break in which I can eat and rest. Then I keep doing the same thing. While I work I talked to the lawyer, she told me about her life and gave me advices about life and asked me if I was sure this was really what I wanted to be. Well she told me that I have to propose to myself so many things to achieve them. She suggested me that I should study pharmacy because according to her that is leaving a lot of money these says. She told me that her life is really good because she gained a lot of money and is her own boss; make her own schedule the way she wanted according to her convenience. That made me thought a lot of what I wanted for my future. I know that the money Is not all, but I wouldn’t mind having It. That day I finish working at 5:pop. M. The next day I went to work at 1 1 a. M. That day I was storing medical recipes once again. I was tired of doing the same thing so I told the boss. She moved medicine we’re in its respective place and has the exact amount it should. In that place I was working with my aunt and a few people in charge of that area. Lately that day arrive the owner of the pharmacy and him by itself presented to me and he was really nice, a friendly man with all his employees and clients. I finish my work that day at 4:pop. M. That was my last day, I only work two days. The following experience that I lived I didn’t like it that much because it wasn’t what I really expected. This helped me to notice that I don’t want to study business administration. I won’t deny that I share with really good people that were so dedicated to their Job and this is admirable because there are not so many people like them that give the hundred percent in their Job. I feel that this work isn’t for me because is something monotonous and I don’t like that; I love to try new things and learn something new every day if it’s possible. It was a good experience but sincerely this isn’t what I want to be. I decided that I would look for other branches of work to know what I really want to study. I was thinking of following the advice that the lawyer give to me in looking something that is leaving a lot of money these days, like Ewing pharmacist. Although I’m not so sure, but I’m really interested in psychology because I like to hear and help others and give them advice. I’m also interested in veterinarian because I love animals so much, they are the best thing in the world, not all of them of course Just the majority. There is a lot of things that I like and they are so great that is hard for me to make a choice, I would study them all if it’s possible, but we all know is impossible. The objective of Ms. Chilean in my case is accomplished. Actually I’m eternally thankful with the teacher for giving us the opportunity to realize this work. It helps us to notice what we really want and want to be in our future. Opportunities like this come once in a lifetime and we have to enjoy them while we can. If the teacher gives us the opportunity to do this work again I would do it again, but in some other thing that I mention previously. We have to make good choices about our lives because everything starts here and there’s no way back. â€Å"The future is something that everyone can reach at a rhythm of sixty minutes per hour, whatever you do and whoever it is† (Clive Staples Lewis). How to cite My future, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Marketing Business

Question: Conduct a review of the governance of your organisation (or one with which you are familiar) and write a report with your findings. Use the concepts, tools and techniques learned in this subject to review the structure, process and effectiveness of the governance of the organisation, and to make recommendations for appropriate improvements. Answer: Introduction Marketing is crucial for business. The organization considered here is Marks and Spencer. The association is mainly based on garments retailing section. It has seven hundred and sixty-six stores across the United Kingdom. They retail supreme quality, great value food as well. It remains as the leader of all the markets in the United Kingdom. They sell lingerie, menswear as well as womenswear. However, the company has other procedures to sell their products to the customers. The systems include online selling, using phone calls and retailing in brick and mortar stores. The organization is making their brand even more accessible to all their customers. Presently, the company operates in fifty-one territories across the Europe, Asia and also in the Middle East. They work because they want to develop and grow their business in the foreign nations with the help of multi-channel approach. At Marks and Spencer, their members believe that the effective governance is understood employing coll aboration as well as leadership. The organization conducts the interrogation of actions and plans which ensure the supreme quality decision making in all sections of responsibility, performance, accountability, and strategy. The role of the chairperson is to ensure these actions are attached and sustained. He can drive the culture non-stop improvement based on performance and standards across their business. The governance framework of Marks and Spencer The management structure has been permitted by the Board and its committee. It is published on the website of Marks and Spencer(LOORBACH, 2010). The publishing is done so that their shareholders, as well as other crucial stakeholders, can see the standards they set for themselves. It is always true that a good governance gives a good business outcome. It also produces the excellent performance. The job of the Board should approve, support as well as improve the job of the executives. The name of the chairperson is Robert Swell(Ahmed, 2016). The governance framework of Marks and Spencer includes the following members and groups such as senior independent director, non-executive directors, unit secretary, chief executive, executive directors, committee chairperson and non-executive chairperson. The works include director's duties and schedule of matters reserved to the board(Brand et al., 2011). The role, responsibilities as well as their competencies and behaviors are described below. The central principle of the organization is the competence and capacity as it is responsible for delivering an excellent service and products to the customers. Senior Independent Director The fundamental role of the senior independent director of Marks and Spencer reviews the effectiveness of the Board based on the annual basis(Dale, Vella, and Potts, 2013). It is the issue of the chairperson. Therefore, he solves it. He also provides the communication channel between the non-executive directors as well as the chairperson. The responsibilities include the provision of a sounding board for the chairperson as well as to serve as an intermediately for the other directors when it is required. The organization has developed a framework based on the competency for all the staffs and employees. It is aligned to their leadership brand attributes(Weber and Silva, 2011). Non-Executive Directors The fundamental role of the non-executive directors of Marks and Spencer is to pass on a free and external estimation to the activities of the Board(Froud et al., 2008). It also has importance in association with strategy, execution, risk and people. Their responsibilities are to propel the whole deal achievement of Marks and Spencer for the advantage of its shareholders with everything taken into account and secure shareholder interests through the corporate organization Committees. Other responsibilities are to challenge profitably and make the suggestion on procedure and include the discussions of the Board the level and nature of the critical threats it will take in accomplishing its strategic goals(Gibbs, 2015). Group Secretary The essential role of group secretary is to help the Chairman in advancing the highest benchmarks of corporate administration (Corporate Administration). It consists of guaranteeing a good flow of information inside the Board and its advisory groups and between the official team and non-official executives about directing the Secretary of Treasury to broadcast the House of the council to contain all information in his control for connecting to exact infrastructure with American International Group, Inc. On the other hand, their roles include encouraging instigation and expert improvement of chiefs. Their responsibilities are to bolster the Chairman in ensuring our administration is necessary, applicable and concentrated on enhancing the business, both in the United Kingdom and abroad. They confidentially make good quality decisions that validate their brand values.They also educate the Chairman concerning any progressions or activities which could enhance the administration of the Co mpany. Chief Executive The fundamental role of the chief executive is to keep the chairperson to get informed on the daily basis on all the matters. The matters may be of importance to the Board. The cases consist of the current trading of the Group(Young and Cullen, 2010). It also includes the progression against the strategic creativities, the new risks, and the performance of the executive team, competitive environment and at last strategic planning to accomplish the success in business (Tietz). The responsibilities are to update the Board regularly to progress against the plans and KPIs which includes the profits, sales, store, customer data, international and online performance and market share of United Kingdom. Executive Directors The chief role of executive directors is to bring out an internal as well as commercial dimensions to the activities of the Board. They play their part in connection with the risk, people, performance and strategy of Marks and Spencer(Ugolini, 2007). The main responsibility of the executive directors is to promote a future success of the company for the advantage of its shareholders. They also guarantee that the organization acts responsibility due to the regard to its reputation that the company does the right things, in the right ways(Balsmeier, Buchwald, and Dilger, 2013). Committee Chairman The committee chairperson agrees on an annual schedule of meetings in advance and where the members are unable to appear a meeting to capture their input. On the other hand, the committee chairperson reports the activities of the committee and recommend the changes to its responsibility or membership to the Group Board(Marks Spencer ordered to encrypt, 2008). They also generate a constructive relationship with the members who invests in listening to their concern and also maintaining their support. Non-Executive Chairman The fundamental role of the non-executive chairperson is to propel the most shocking standards of corporate organization, helped by the Group Secretary, which is vital, relevant and grasped all through the business so that we all in all settle on the best choice, the right way. The responsibility is to lead the yearly review of Board sufficiency and assurance that board administrators do in like manner. He coordinates the Governance Group, which is headed by the Group Secretary(Wilo reappoints executive board chairman, 2012). As a result, it helps accomplices settle on the best decision, the right course, with an imperative, the important organization focused on cultivating the business.The chairperson also chooses, in meeting with the Board, whether the appraisal should be remotely supported. He also set up uniquely crafted invitation for new officials and routinely review and agree with each boss their arrangement and improvement needs. Critical review of the governance framework Marks and Spencer are trying to upgrade its online business. It is a developed fact today that the offer of business trades is extending through and through diverged from the supply of trade deals that are done in logged off environment. This affinity has been marked by Marks and Spencer organization also, and an accordingly substantial amount of cash related theories are being made for the purposes behind upgrading e-exchange part of the business. The executive board of Marks and Spencer consist of all the executive directors and the Chief Executive. It includes the Chairman of the Committee. The existence of the governing council is crucial for the organization as it runs the business as well as deliver the strategy of the Group. It is approved by the Group PLC Board. Marks and Spencer oversee the relation of the investors and keep the Board informed(Dean, 2008). In 2006, according to Paul Myners, the former chairperson of Marks and Spencer believe that being a responsible business is the correct thing to do, but they also believe that it makes good sense in business. According to the British American Tobacco, they are working for wider accountability to society. They also engage in active dialogue with the stakeholders on the issues related to their products. The governance of the modern business is driven by a legal requirement. It corporate the powers which are distributed among the set of contractual actors of Marks and Spencer. The governance is also driven by the social requirement that dictates the power of corporations which is substantially dependent on the legitimacy discussed by a much larger set of social forces. The Companies Act 2006 presented the statutory codification of obligations of the executives to make the law increasingly precise and available to build the level of Chiefs' learning and comprehension of their obligations(Steinfeld, 2007). Marks and Spencer already clinch the broad partner approach, as reflected in our code of morals whic h applies to all workers. The director of Mars and Spencer's must have to maintain some crucial act to promote the proper success of the company (Ceil). A director always needs to concern about the total profit margin of the company according to the customer satisfaction. Also, this is the main duty for Mars and Spenser's stakeholders that the products of the company are more efficient, and it's realizable to the customers. The company must make a great faith to its customer by maintaining a better product quality according to the requirement of the customer (Tsotsas and Mujumdar). The director of this company must be concern about the quality of products to stay the customer faith with the company. This would be a better strategy to promote a successful business. A director can also concern about company members as well as all stakeholders of the company to provide better company benefit. In company act, there must be an act for employee benefit. A successful company always take ca re of their employees. By giving some special bonus and incentives according to an employee performance, the company can gain more interests from employees (Falcone). A business relationship is also a crucial part of a successful business. A company must have to maintain a good relationship with their suppliers. To become their business more advanced a good relationship between company and suppliers is mandatory. Also, a successful company always maintain a good relationship with their customers. Customers can lead a major role for a successful company. Customer satisfaction is a crucial part to become better a company. To achieve customer loyalty and satisfaction company needs to maintain a good quality of product and also maintain some special offers to their existing customers. So customer relationship with a company can be more efficient for a successful company. It is necessary to maintain a good community as well as a good environment to become better a company as well as to d evelop company framework (Payne) . Also, it is mainly desirable for a company to maintain a high reputation on behalf of a high-class business standard. The reputation of a successful company totally depends on the efforts of their stakeholders. If the company can maintain a good quality of products according to the demand of their customers, then the company reputation can expand day by day. The growth of the company can reach the top. By the act, the director a successful company always maintain all judgment of their company. The director always concerns about the individual judgment of the company and check the ability of the company stakeholders to do that. A successful company must avoid any conflicting interest. Also, it is crucial for successful company that not to take any advantages from any third party for maintaining their reputation to others. The company can always publish their interests in planned transaction. Recommendation to improve a Governance Framework Performance Improvement Between the four key priorities, Mars and Spencer's made good progress. For improving their food growth, Mars and Spencer's company have to deliver excellent performance to become better their food quality (Medina and Laine). The growth of sales up at least by 3.4% to be an excellent performance on food products. The company has to increase their GM gross margin by 190bp (Livestock Gross Margin Insurance Plan For Swine) s. The GM sales are more challenging appropriately in the third sector. Also, Mars and Spencer's need to be tightly controlled the costs as well as they have to compress their annual expenditure as well as delivering a free clash of flow. The customer's requirement can be considered firstly. Customers mainly want improvements in the product style and product quality. The products like clothes can be more stylish to attract a customer. The quality of the clothes reaches the key trend as well as meeting with the approval from the fashion press. The strategy to become be tter the company is done with according to the customer's feedback. The stakeholders of the company should work hard to improve their online shopping experience Develop Food Sales Growth and Gross Margin Development Mars and Spencer's should maintain a good food quality to attract their customers. They have to maintain the top position in a crowded marketplace than their rivals. They have to make an innovative strategy for to become better their food products. The strategy must be innovative by which they attract customers love and attention with their food products. The production of foods and deliveries must be on for 24 hours for customer satisfaction (DR.K.VANITHA 1-3). Mars and Spencer's have to maintain an efficient strategy to improve their products for increasing company gross margin. For increasing gross margin a better buying process is highly needed. Better availability of products is increasing the gross margin efficiently. Conclusion To become a good governance, a public administration is highly needed. The main concept of the good governance is tough to explain. Mars and Spencer's needs to make a more continuous effort to reach the loyalty of ideal and good products. Nowadays a good governance is totally based on the public administration of company products. The governance is divided into two parts. The parts are narrow and broad. The all reasonable administration rules are preferred in the narrow former part. In the broad section, the company should maintain a good sense to represent their business strategy over efficient products according to the customer demand. Public administration section must be involved in developing a regressive nation in our present century. Mars and Spencer's must continue to become better their stores. The company should have to make their stores in popular locations. They have to launch some specific departments for woman's and maintain their demands. Mars and Spencer's must contin ue to develop a world-class talent group which growing the company skill and standard in key strategic zones. Mars and Spencer's needs to be more concern to improve their business strategy and make a special team on that matter to resolve all the issues. References Ahmed, T. (2016). Local Governance in Bangladesh: Policy and Strategy Framework.CJLG, (18), p.200. Balsmeier, B., Buchwald, A. and Dilger, A. (2013). Executive Turnover and Outside Directors on Two-Tiered Boards.Managerial and Decision Economics, 36(3), pp.158-176. Brand, N., Beens, B., Vuuregge, E., and Batenburg, R. (2011). Engineering governance: introducing a governance meta-framework.International Journal of Corporate Governance, 2(2), p.106. Dale, A., Vella, K. and Potts, R. (2013). Governance Systems Analysis (GSA): A Framework for Reforming Governance Systems.Jpag, 3(3). Dean, R. (2008). The Companies Act 2006 and deregulation for private companies.Strategic Direction, 24(11). Directing the Secretary of the Treasury to transmit to the House of Representatives all information in his possession relating to specific communications with American International Group, Inc. (AIG). (2009). [Washington, D.C.]: [U.S. G.P.O.]. Froud, J., Leaver, A., Tampubolon, G. and Williams, K. (2008). Everything for sale: how non-executive directors make a difference.The Sociological Review, 56, pp.162-186. Froud, J., Leaver, A., Tampubolon, G. and Williams, K. (2008). Everything for sale: how non-executive directors make a difference.The Sociological Review, 56, pp.162-186. Gibbs, D. (2015). Dealing with Self-Interest Among Non-Executive Directors.Board Leadership, 2015(139), pp.4-7. LOORBACH, D. (2010). Transition Management for Sustainable Development: A Prescriptive, Complexity-Based Governance Framework.Governance, 23(1), pp.161-183. Marks Spencer ordered to encrypt. (2008).Computer Fraud Security, 2008(3), p.3. Steinfeld, A. (2007).Blackstone's guide to the Companies Act 2006. Oxford: University Press. Ugolini, L. (2007). Fashion for the People: A History of Clothing at Marks and Spencer.Journal of Design History, 20(3), pp.267-268. Weber, D. and Silva, B. (2011).From Marks Spencer to X Holding. Alphen Aan dens Rijn, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Wilo reappoints executive board chairman. (2012).World Pumps, 2012(11), p.2. Young, S. and Cullen, R. (2010).Electing Hong Kong's chief executive. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Ceil, Chenoy. "Director's Duties Under Companies Act 2006".SSRN Electronic Journaln. pag. Web. Corporate Administration. [London]: ICSA Publishing, 2005. Print. DR.K.VANITHA, DR.K.VANITHA. "Customer Relationship Management On Customer Satisfaction".IJSR3.4 (2012): 1-3. Web. Falcone, Paul.101 Sample Write-Ups For Documenting Employee Performance Problems. New York: American Management Association/Society for Human Resource Management, 2010. Print. Livestock Gross Margin Insurance Plan For Swine. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 2012. Print. Medina, Daniel A and Amanda M Laine.Food Quality. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011. Print. Payne, Ruby K.A Framework For Understanding Poverty. Highlands, Tex.: Aha! Process, 2005. Print. Tietz, Rigo.Executive Teams In Research-Based Spin-Off Companies. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, 2013. Print. Tsotsas, Evangelos and Arun S Mujumdar.Product Quality And Formulation. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2011. Print.